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19世纪中后期由于西方列强的势力向东方扩展,中日两国都开始了近代化的历程。由于两国的处境和面临的任务相似,然而探索的结果却截然不同。这引起了广大的学者的极大兴趣。导致这种结果的因素很多,其中两国社会结构的差异是一个不能忽视的因素。然而两国在社会结构中的选官制度、土地所有制结构、对“商”观念等方面的差异表现尤为突出。这在一定程度上影响了两国近代化的进程。以史为鉴,分析此成败的因素对我们今天仍有很多积极意义。
In the mid-to-late 19th century, as the forces of Western powers expanded eastward, both China and Japan started the course of modernization. As the situation in both countries is similar to the tasks they face, the results of the exploration are quite different. This aroused great interest of the majority of scholars. There are many factors that lead to such a result. The difference between the social structures of the two countries is a factor that can not be ignored. However, the differences between the two countries in the selection of officials in the social structure, the structure of land ownership, and the concept of “business” are particularly prominent. To a certain extent, this has affected the process of modernization in both countries. Taking history as a mirror, analyzing the success or failure of this factor still has many positive meanings to us today.