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在飞机装配中,一般采用液体垫片对复合材料层合板构件之间较小的装配间隙进行补偿。以复合材料层合板机械连接中典型的单螺栓连接为对象,考虑强迫装配(未实施间隙补偿)与采用液体垫片实施间隙补偿两种情况,设计了层合板应变测量实验;其次,利用ABAQUS建立有限元模型并进行计算验证,有限元模型计算结果与实验测量数据的吻合度较好。根据建立的模型,研究了间隙补偿及不同液体垫片参数下,层合板的单层面内应力与层间应力的变化。有限元分析结果表明:相对于强迫装配,随着间隙的增大,液体垫片对于改善层合板的应力分布、减小应力幅值、增强抗分层能力的作用愈加显著;三代液体垫片对层合板各单层面内应力与层间应力的影响差异非常微小;大幅增加垫片弹性模量后,单层面内应力的影响效果将明显提升。
In aircraft assembly, liquid gaskets are generally used to compensate for the smaller assembly gaps between the composite laminate members. Taking the typical single-bolt connection in the mechanical connection of composite laminates as object, the laminate strain measurement experiment was designed considering the forced assembly (without gap compensation) and the liquid gap compensation. Secondly, the ABAQUS Finite element model is calculated and verified. The calculated results of the finite element model are in good agreement with the experimental data. Based on the established model, the variations of the single-layer internal stress and the interlayer stress of the laminate under the gap compensation and different liquid gasket parameters were studied. The results of finite element analysis show that compared with forced assembly, with the increase of clearance, the liquid gasket has a more significant effect on improving the stress distribution, reducing the stress amplitude and enhancing the anti-delamination ability. The three generations of liquid gasket pair The differences between the single-layer in-plane stress and the inter-layer stress are very slight. After the elastic modulus of the gasket is greatly increased, the effect of single-layer in-plane stress will be obviously improved.