本文从理论和实证两个方面揭示了垄断和所有制性质对中国行业收入差距截然不同的影响机制,弥补了现有文献对这两个因素不加区分甚至混为一谈的缺陷。研究认为,垄断行业在获得高资产回报率的基础上,将部分超额利润转化为职工的高工资;国有经济的低效率影响了行业资产获利能力,但固有的所有权虚置,导致低的资产报酬率(甚至亏损)依然产生了行业高收入。本文基于动态收入方程和中国工业行业数据,使用Shorrocks(1999)和Wan(2004)发展的“夏普里值”方法进一步分解了行业收入差距。结果显示,2005—2012年间,垄断、所有制及国有垄断对行业收入差距的贡献分别达到15.58%、7.1%及7.57%,且垄断的贡献程度呈现上升趋势。 This article reveals the different mechanism of the monopoly and the ownership nature from the theoretical and empirical aspects on the industry income disparity in China and makes up for the shortcomings that the existing literature does not distinguish or even confuse these two factors. According to the research, the monopolistic industry will convert part of excess profits into high wages of workers based on the high return on assets. The inefficiency of the state-owned economy will affect the profitability of the industry assets, but the inherent ownership falsification will lead to low assets Return (or even loss) still generates high industry income. Based on the dynamic income equation and China’s industrial sector data, this paper uses the “Sharply Value” developed by Shorrocks (1999) and Wan (2004) to further decompose the industry’s income gap. The results show that from 2005 to 2012, monopoly, ownership and state-owned monopolies contributed 15.58%, 7.1% and 7.57% to the industry’s income gap respectively, and the contribution of monopoly increased.