中共五大所要解决的问题是如何在暂时的国共合作中举起独立的革命旗帜 ,而不是在保持国共合作统一战线的前提条件下争取无产阶级对革命的领导权。然而中共五大却力图在保持国共合作的前提条件下开展土地革命、建立共产党人领导的武装力量并夺取对革命的领导权。这种指导思想上的错误来自共产国际。共产国际既想保持国共合作又指示中共为夺取领导权而斗争 ,陷于自相矛盾的境地 ,因而不能解决中国革命的实际问题。中共五大一事无成的教训表明 ,独立自主是正确制定中国革命的路线方针政策的基本前提 The issue to be solved by the top five CCPs is how to lift an independent revolutionary banner in the temporary cooperation between the KMT and the CPC instead of fighting for the proletariat’s leadership over the revolution under the precondition of maintaining the united front of the KMT and the CPC. However, the Fifth Plenary of the CCP tried hard to carry out the agrarian revolution under the premise of maintaining the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, establish the armed forces led by the Communists and seize the leadership of the revolution. This guiding ideological error comes from the Comintern. When the Communist International wants to maintain the cooperation between the Kuomintists and the Communists and instruct the CCP to fight for the leadership, it is in a paradoxical situation and therefore can not solve the practical problems of the Chinese revolution. The lesson learned from the top five of the CCP shows that independence is the basic premise for correctly formulating the line, principles and policies of the Chinese revolution