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一导言计划经济时期的中国,工业建设的推进和随之而来的非农业人口的增加,使商品粮的需求不断扩大1。但建立之初的中华人民共和国,农业人口的粮食消费低至生存线最低水平,之后的农业人口人均粮食产量也增长缓慢,加上政府过低的粮食收购价格让农民倾向扩大自家消费,计划经济时期的商品粮比例一直停滞不前。并且中国为进口工业建设所需物资需要花费大量的外汇,根本不存在大规模进口粮食的余地。20世纪50
I. INTRODUCTION In China in the planned economy period, the advancement of industrial construction and the consequent increase of the non-agricultural population have caused the demand of commodity grains to expand 1. However, at the beginning of the People’s Republic of China, the grain consumption of the agricultural population was as low as the survival line, and the per capita grain output of the agricultural population also increased slowly thereafter. With too low food purchase price, the peasants tended to expand their consumption and the planned economy The proportion of food commodities in the period has been stagnant. And China needs to spend a lot of foreign exchange for the import of necessary materials for its industrial construction. There is absolutely no room for large-scale importation of grain. 20th Century 50