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一、导言语言是一种处于不断变化中的信息载体,空间的转移,岁月的交替,都会使语言改观。中国地域广阔,人口众多,方言复杂。尽管在每个历史时期,都存在着某种“通语”,作为各方言区人民交流思想的工具,但方言自古以来就客观存在。各方言土语之间的语言差异颇大,操不同方言土语的人可能互相听不懂对方的话。中国历史悠久,随着朝代的更迭,政治、经济、文化发生了巨大的变化,语言也随之变化。对此,古人早就有所认识,陈第《毛诗古音考》云:“盖时有古今,地有南北,字有更革,音有转移,亦势所必至。”就汉语来说,语音的变化有声、韵、调三方面。声的变化叫纽变,调的变化叫变调,韵的变化称为韵转。
I. INTRODUCTION Language is an ever-changing information carrier. The transfer of space and the alternation of years will change the language. China has a vast territory, a large population and a complicated dialect. Although in every historical period there was some kind of “tongues” as a tool for exchanging ideas among people in all dialects and tribes, dialects have existed objectively since ancient times. The dialect is very different between languages in dialects, speaking dialect native speakers may not understand each other’s words. China has a long history. With the change of dynasties, great changes have taken place in politics, economy and culture, and languages change accordingly. To this end, the ancients had long been known, Chen “Mao Poetry Ancient Sound Test” cloud: “Cover ancient and modern, ground north and south, the word has more leather, the sound of the transfer, but also potential.” In Chinese, Vocal voice changes, rhyme, tone three areas. The change of sound is called New Zealand, the change of tune is called the change of tone, the change of rhyme is called the change of rhyme.