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原始境况(original position)是罗尔斯正义理论中的一个重要论证武器,对它的剖析将十分有助于理解罗尔斯的正义理论。根据罗尔斯的描述,原始境况本身是一种思想实验,也是一种体现契约主义的代表设置。其中,代表设置被罗尔斯放在一个比较重要的位置上,并以此强调自己的契约论立场。然而,原始境况并不像罗尔斯以为的那样具有明显的契约主义特征,它的根本意义在于,它是一种实现公共反思和自我澄清的思想实验。本文立足于罗尔斯的文本,通过对原始境况理论的清晰展示来说明,原始境况其实更多地展现了一种非契约主义的政治推理模式。
The original position (Raw position) is an important Argument weapon in Rawls’s theory of justice, and its analysis will be very helpful to understand Rawls’s theory of justice. According to Rawls’s description, the original situation itself is a kind of ideological experiment, but also represents a representative set of contractarianism. Among them, the representative set by Rawls on a more important position, and thus emphasize their contractual position. However, the original situation did not have the obvious characteristics of contractualism as Rawls thought. Its fundamental meaning was that it was a kind of ideological experiment to realize public reflection and self-clarification. Based on the text of Rawls, this paper shows that the original situation shows more of a non-contractual political reasoning model through a clear demonstration of the original situation theory.