1.绪言 现行的焊接缺陷容许标准,完全不容许存在裂纹状的缺陷,一般地讲这是过于偏于安全的判断。由于断裂力学的发展,目前已有可能推定缺陷的容许尺寸,故应当根据结构的使用目的,尽量采用合理的缺陷容许标准。 合理地作出缺陷是应容许存在或应修补的判断,包含着对结构的安全性与经济性的综合评定。但是,实际上要作出这样合理的判断是困难的,实现标准化更为困难。原因 1. INTRODUCTION Current welding tolerances allow for a standard that does not allow crack-like defects at all. Generally speaking, this is too biased to be safe. Due to the development of fracture mechanics, it is now possible to estimate the allowable size of the defect. Therefore, reasonable allowable standards for defects should be adopted according to the purpose of the structure. Reasonable flaws are judgments that should exist or should be remedied, and include a comprehensive assessment of the safety and economy of the structure. However, in fact it is difficult to make such a reasonable judgment and standardization is even more difficult. the reason