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小品种蔬菜不同于大宗蔬菜,种植规模较小,登记农药种类少,而在实际生产中,由于病虫害防治的迫切需求,用药较多。同时,小品种蔬菜质量安全属于农业部门监管的盲区,其质量安全状况不明。基于此,在湖北省4个地区采集了150份小品种蔬菜样品(细香葱、茼蒿、油麦菜、芫荽、芥蓝、菜薹、樱桃番茄、南瓜、芥菜),对这些蔬菜生产中常见病害和农药使用情况进行了调研,同时对蔬菜中的农药风险因子进行了检测分析,按照英国FSA风险排序体系对蔬菜中有检出的农药残留风险因子进行风险排序。调查和验证结果表明,在一些样品中农药存在超标和禁限用农药的情况,同时农药多残留现象较普遍,给小品种蔬菜的质量安全带来了一定的风险隐患。建议加快小品种蔬菜生产中所用农药最大残留限量标准的制定,为农业主管部门的监管提供建议和对策,保障小品种蔬菜生产的质量安全。
Small varieties of vegetables is different from the bulk of vegetables, planting smaller, less registered types of pesticides, but in actual production, due to the urgent need of pest control, medication more. At the same time, the quality and safety of small-sized vegetables belong to the blind area of the agricultural sector, whose quality and safety status are unknown. Based on this, 150 samples of small-sized vegetables (Chives, Artemisia selengensis, Litchi, Coriander, Chinese kale, Brassica oleracea, Cherry tomato, Pumpkin, Mustard) were collected in 4 areas in Hubei Province. And the use of pesticides were investigated. Meanwhile, the risk factors of pesticides in vegetables were tested and analyzed, and the risks of pesticide residues detected in vegetables were ranked according to the FSA risk ranking system in the United Kingdom. The investigation and verification results show that there are some pesticides in some samples that are over-standard and banned pesticides. In addition, the phenomenon of multi-residue of pesticides is common, posing a potential risk to the quality and safety of small-sized vegetables. It is suggested that the formulation of the maximum residue limits for pesticides used in small-variety vegetable production should be accelerated so as to provide suggestions and countermeasures for the supervision of agricultural authorities and guarantee the quality and safety of small-scale vegetable production.