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不动杆菌属细菌分布广泛,作为重要的石油烃降解者,在乳化和降解石油烃、降低石油烃生物毒性等方面有重要作用。本文概述了不动杆菌属细菌对烷烃、芳香烃等石油烃组分的降解,总结了该属细菌中已发现的烷烃氧化酶和芳香烃氧化酶,综述了该属细菌所分泌的表面活性剂的类型和乳化机理,讨论了固定化对该属细菌降解石油烃的影响,展望了该属细菌降解石油烃的应用前景。基于此,作者认为探索不动杆菌属细菌降解石油烃的详细机理和途径、发现关键酶、寻找遗传工具、构建基因工程菌、发掘环境友好的固定化材料,应是未来的研究重点及热点。
Acinetobacter bacteria are widely distributed, as an important petroleum hydrocarbon degradation, play an important role in the emulsification and degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, reduce the bio-toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons and so on. This article summarizes the degradation of paraffins, aromatic hydrocarbons and other petroleum hydrocarbon components by Acinetobacter bacteria, summarizes the alkane oxidases and aromatic hydrocarbon oxidases found in the genus, and reviews the activities of the bacteria secreted by the genus The types and emulsification mechanisms of these bacteria were discussed. The effects of immobilization on the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by this bacterium were discussed. The potential application of this bacterium to degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons was also discussed. Based on this, the author believes that exploring the detailed mechanism and pathway of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by Acinetobacter bacteria should be the focus and hotspot of research in the future when finding key enzymes, searching for genetic tools, constructing genetic engineering bacteria and discovering environment-friendly immobilized materials.