近年来随着人们对直肠癌病理、解剖认识的提高，对生存质量要求的提高，以及手术器械和操作技术的进步，直肠癌保留肛门的比例相对增加，尤其是部份中、低位直肠癌患者，避免了永久性人造肛门。保肛手术的术式有多种，评估手术质量的标准包括两项内容，一是手术的根治性，... In recent years, along with the improvement of pathological and anatomical understanding of rectal cancer, the improvement of the quality of life requirements, and the advancement of surgical instruments and operation techniques, the proportion of rectal cancer retained in the anus has increased relatively, especially in patients with moderate to low rectal cancer. Avoid permanent artificial anus. There are a variety of surgical procedures for sphincter preserving surgery. The criteria for assessing the quality of surgery include two items. The first is the radical operation,...