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目的探讨肢体残疾者人格、社会支持和心理健康状况。方法在上海的残疾人中随机抽取32例50～65岁肢体残疾成人研究组,根据1:2.5的配对原则选取80例为对照组,采用日常生活能力量表、艾森克人格问卷、社会支持评定量表、老年心理健康量表分别评定研究组和对照组。结果①研究组中26例(81.25%)有不同程度的日常生活能力功能障碍;②研究组与对照组在人际关系、性格外向性和神经质维度上评分差异有显著性(t=2.098,2.71,2.32;P<0.05);③组社会支持评分比较,在客观支持、支持利用维度和总分上研究组得分高于对照组且差异有显著性(t=-5.36,-3.86,-6.72;P<0.001);④研究组的心理健康水平在认知效能、情绪体验、自我认识、人际交往、适应能力均总体得分低于对照组且有显著性(t=4.99,8.66,5.79,4.53,7.38,8.12,P<0.001)⑤在心理健康方面,研究组心理健康水平与对照组有显著差异(t=-2.96;P<0.001);⑥研究组人格特征的内外向和情绪的稳定性与心理健康密切相关(r=-0.21,0.59;P<0.05)。结论残疾人在人格特质、社会支持方面与一般人群有区别,对残疾人实施心理援助应根据其特点合理实施。
Objective To investigate the personality, social support and mental health of physically handicapped persons. Methods A total of 32 adults with disabilities aged 50-65 years were randomly selected from the handicapped in Shanghai. According to the matching principle of 1: 2.5, 80 cases were selected as the control group. The daily living ability scale, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, social support Rating Scale and Elderly Mental Health Scale were evaluated in the study group and the control group respectively. Results ① There were 26 cases (81.25%) with dysfunction of daily living ability in the study group; ② The scores of the interpersonal relationship, extroversion and neuroticism in the study group and the control group were significantly different (t = 2.098, 2.71, 2.32; P <0.05). ③Comparison of social support scores showed that there was significant difference in the scores of objective support, supportive use and total score between the two groups (t = -5.36, -3.86, -6.72; P <0.001) .④The mental health of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (t = 4.99,8.66,5.79,4.53,7.38) in cognitive performance, emotional experience, self-awareness, interpersonal communication and adaptive ability , 8.12, P <0.001) (5) In the aspect of mental health, the mental health of the study group was significantly different from that of the control group (t = -2.96; P <0.001); ⑥ The study group’s personality characteristics of the internal and external and emotional stability and psychological Health is closely related (r = -0.21,0.59; P <0.05). Conclusion Persons with disabilities are different from the general population in terms of personality traits and social support. Psychological assistance to persons with disabilities should be rationally implemented according to their characteristics.