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郴州拥有“有色金属之乡”的称号,是湖南有色金属矿产资源最富集的地区。但因长期开采,导致大量的古矿遗迹遭到严重损毁,仅存的古矿遗迹未进行考古调查和勘探,对于它的文化内涵难以给予准确的结论。本文通过分析史料和考古资料,认为郴州古代矿业开发分为四期:初始期、发展期、高潮期和衰落期。古代郴州开发矿产资源,主要是铁、铜、锡、铅、银等,时代不同开发种类也不同。春秋战国时期以铜矿开采为主,到汉晋时期主要是开发铁和银,而唐宋时期转向铜、锡、铅等矿产的开发,明清沿用之,为铸造钱币所用。
Chenzhou owns the title of “Hometown of Non-ferrous Metals” and is the most concentrated area in Hunan for non-ferrous metal mineral resources. However, due to the long-term exploitation, a large number of ancient mines have been seriously damaged. Only the remains of ancient mines have not been archaeologically investigated and explored, and it is difficult to give accurate conclusions about their cultural connotations. Based on the analysis of historical materials and archaeological data, this paper argues that the ancient mining development in Chenzhou is divided into four periods: initial period, development period, high tide period and decline period. Ancient Chenzhou mineral resources development, mainly iron, copper, tin, lead, silver, etc., different types of development in different times. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, copper mining was the mainstay. During the Han and Jin Dynasties, iron and silver were mainly developed. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the development of copper, tin and lead minerals was exploited and used in the Ming and Qing dynasties for coins.