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【目的】明确长枝木霉(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)孢子悬浮液对小麦禾谷胞囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)的防治潜力和可能的作用机理。【方法】通过室内显微观察和测定不同时期长枝木霉(T.longibrachiatum)孢子悬浮液对小麦禾谷胞囊线虫(H.avenae)胞囊的寄生和致死作用及其可能的机理。【结果】显微观察结果表明,侵染初期长枝木霉孢子寄生于胞囊的表面,并且萌发产生大量的菌丝,侵染后期整个胞囊被致密的菌丝包围,胞囊内卵的胚胎发育停止和内容物凝集,甚至有的胞囊表面突起形成深褐色的小液泡,或者胞囊破裂和溶解。室内测定结果表明,不同浓度长枝木霉孢子悬浮液对胞囊具有明显的寄生和致死作用,并且其可能的寄生和致死作用机理主要是通过胞囊诱导和提高长枝木霉菌几丁质酶、葡聚糖酶和酪蛋白酶的活性,进而使胞囊体壁溶解和内容物外渗。处理后第18天浓度为1.5×108CFU/mL的长枝木霉孢子悬浮液对胞囊的寄生率为93.3%,第10天对胞囊孵化的相对抑制率为93.6%;经胞囊诱导后第4天浓度为1.5×108CFU/mL的长枝木霉孢子悬浮液几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶活性最高为0.78和0.96 U/(min·mL),第6天浓度为1.5×108CFU/mL的长枝木霉孢子悬浮液酪蛋白酶活性最高为4.03 U/(min·mL),并且诱导后其几丁质酶、葡聚糖酶和酪蛋白酶活性随着长枝木霉孢子悬浮液浓度的增加而增加。【结论】长枝木霉对小麦禾谷胞囊线虫胞囊具有较强的寄生和致死作用,且可能的寄生和致死作用机理主要通过胞囊诱导和提高长枝木霉菌几丁质酶、葡聚糖酶和酪蛋白酶的活性。
【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to determine the control effect and possible mechanism of Trichoderma longibrachiatum spores suspension on Heterodera avenae. 【Method】 The parasitism and lethal effects of T. longibrachiatum spore suspension on H.avenae cysts at different stages and their possible mechanisms were studied by laboratory microscopy. 【Result】 The results of microscopic observation showed that Trichoderma longibrachiatum parasitized on the surface of cyst at the initial stage of infection, and germinated a large number of mycelium. The whole cyst was surrounded by dense hypha at the later stage of infection. Embryonic development is stopped and the contents are aggregated, and even some of the surface of the cyst protrudes into dark brown small vacuoles, or the cyst ruptures and dissolves. The results of laboratory tests showed that the Trichoderma longibrachiatum suspension had obvious parasitic and lethal effects on the cysts, and its possible mechanism of parasitic and lethal action was mainly through the cyst induced and enhanced Trichoderma longibrachiatum chitinase , Glucanase and casein protease, which in turn causes cell wall dissolution and extravasation of the contents. The parasitism rate of Trichoderma longibrachiatum spores suspension with concentration of 1.5 × 108CFU / mL on the 18th day after treatment was 93.3%, and the relative inhibition rate on the 10th day was 93.6% On the fourth day, the highest chitinase and glucanase activities were 0.78 and 0.96 U / (min · mL) at the concentration of 1.5 × 108CFU / mL and the concentration of 1.5 × 108CFU / mL Trichoderma longibrachiatum suspension had the highest caseinase activity of 4.03 U / (min · mL), and the chitinase, glucanase and casein activities of the Trichoderma longibrachiatum spores suspension increased with the Trichoderma longibrachiatum spore suspension concentration Increase and increase. 【Conclusion】 Trichoderma longibrachiatum has a strong parasitic and lethal effect on the cytoplasm of the cytoplasm of Hevea brasiliensis, and the possible mechanisms of parasitism and lethal action are mainly induced by the cysts and increase of Trichoderma longibrachiatum chitinase, Glycanase and casein activity.