吴淞铁路是中国近代第一条正式营运的铁路,它的兴废成为中外铁路史上著名的事件。长期以来学界笼统地认为民众因风水观念及民族意识而反对兴建铁路,实际上民众对待吴淞铁路的态度并非如此简单。本文将民众分为乡民和市民,分阶段细致考察他们在吴淞铁路兴建运营过程中表现出的态度,从而再现具有经济理性的上海民众对待吴淞铁路的复杂态度。吴淞铁路虽然被拆毁,但它对民众空间观念、时间意识及民族意识均产生较大影响,由此,在近代特殊的历史背景下,中国民众逐步形成融利益观、时空观及主权观于一体的铁路观。 Wusong Railway was the first railway officially operated in modern China and its rejuvenation became a well-known event in the history of both Chinese and foreign railways. For a long time, academics generally held that people opposed to building railways because of their feng shui concept and national consciousness. In fact, people’s attitude toward the Wusong Railway was not so simple. This article divides people into townspeople and citizens, examines carefully their attitude during the construction and operation of the Wusong Railway in stages, and thus reproduces the complex attitude of the Shanghai people who are economically rational to the Wusong Railway. Although the Wusong Railway was demolished, it had a great influence on the people’s space concept, time awareness and national consciousness. Therefore, in the special historical background of modern times, the Chinese people gradually formed a concept of integrating interests, space-time and sovereignty View of the railway.