1.前言从结晶程度非常高的高定向石墨到焦炭,再到X射线衍射中呈现非品态的玻璃炭、超微粒子集合体的炭黑,在所有的炭材料中,其结构的基本单位都是由碳原子组成的六角网平面。这些网平面重迭堆积时,因为它们之间的相互作用非常弱,所以并非总是按一定的规则堆积。在理想石墨中,六角网平面(层面)是按照可记为ABAB…或ABCABC…的规则堆积的。相反,经低温处理过的焦炭、玻璃炭等,不但网平面比石墨小,而且网平面间的堆积完全没有规则性,仅仅是平行堆积而已。前者称为石墨结构,后者则称为乱层结构 1. Introduction From the very high degree of crystallinity of highly oriented graphite to coke, and then to X-ray diffraction showed non-state glassy carbon, ultrafine particles aggregates of carbon black in all carbon materials, the basic units of its structure Is a hexagonal network of carbon atoms. When these nets overlap, they do not always accumulate according to certain rules because their interactions are very weak. In ideal graphite, the hexagonal plane (layer) is stacked according to the rules that can be written as ABAB ... or ABCABC .... On the contrary, the coke, glassy carbon and so on after the low temperature treatment, not only the network plane is smaller than the graphite, but also the accumulation between the plane of the net has no regularity at all, just the parallel accumulation only. The former is called graphite structure, the latter is called the turbulent structure