All-vacuum fabrication of yellow perovskite light-emitting diodes

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Yellow light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely utilized in high-quality lighting,light communication,indicator lamps,etc.Owing to their outstanding material properties and device performance,the metal halide perovskites have demonstrated a significant potential for LED applications.However,the perfor-mance of the yellow perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) is inferior to that of their green and red counterparts,with the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) limited to ~3.1%.Further,a majority of the yellow PeLEDs are fabricated using the spin-coating methods.The current study reports the development of the yellow CsPbBr2I PeLEDs based on an all-vacuum deposition approach,which has been widely employed in the commercial organic LEDs (OLEDs).By controlling the co-evaporation rate of CsI and PbBr2,the growth kinetics of the perovskite layer are regulated to achieve a small grain size of~31.8 nm.Consequently,an improved radiative recombination rate (8.04 × 10-9 cm3/s) is obtained owing to the spatial confinement effect.The PeLEDs based on the optimal perovskite film demonstrate the yellow electroluminescence (574 nm) with a maximum EQE of ~3.7% and luminance of~16,200 cd/m2,thus,representing one of the most efficient and bright yellow PeLEDs.Overall,this study provides a useful guideline for realizing the efficient PeLEDs based on the thermal evaporation strategy and highlights the potential of PeLED as an efficient and bright yellow light source.
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