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土壤种子库是指存在于土壤表面和土壤中全部存活种子的总和。稻田土壤种子库是地上杂草产生的根本来源。我国是一个水稻种植大国,目前关于稻田土壤种子库的研究还不够全面和深入。研究稻田土壤种子库对于防治稻田草害具有重要指导意义,同时也是种子库研究领域的一个重要补充。取样方法和取样时间是研究土壤种子库的关键所在。而萌发法是最常见的判定方法。关于稻田土壤种子库大小的结论相差很大,从103~105 m-2不等。稻田土壤种子库中的杂草主要有19科55种,一般的稻田可检出10科或20种左右。种子的垂直分布格局主要受耕作强度的影响。70%~80%甚至更多的杂草种子分布在0~10 cm。稻田土壤种子库由于萌发、捕食、衰老和种子散布等原因具有季节动态。轮作制度、耕作方式、不同施肥处理以及除草方式等对稻田土壤种子库有重要影响。连续多年的田间管理会使种子库的大小、分布和物种组成产生年际变化。目前,需要加强长期定位研究,扩大研究区域和研究内容,重点研究杂草种子的休眠萌发机制和种子命运研究,为杂草治理提供更准确的信息。
Soil seed bank refers to the total sum of all living seeds present in the soil surface and soil. Paddy soil seed bank is the basic source of weeds on the ground. China is a big rice-growing country. At present, the research on paddy soil seed bank is still not comprehensive and in-depth. Studying paddy soil seed bank is of great guiding significance for the prevention and control of paddy grass damage and is also an important complement to the field of seed bank research. Sampling methods and sampling time is the key to studying soil seed bank. The germination method is the most common method of determination. The conclusions about the size of paddy soils vary widely, ranging from 103 to 105 m-2. The weeds in the paddy soil seed bank are mainly 19 families and 55 species. The average paddy field can detect 10 families or 20 species. The vertical distribution pattern of seeds is mainly affected by the intensity of farming. 70% ~ 80% or more of the weed seeds distributed in 0 ~ 10 cm. Paddy soil seed bank has seasonal dynamics due to germination, predation, senescence and seed dispersal. Crop rotation system, farming methods, different fertilization treatments and weeding methods have an important impact on paddy soil seed bank. Continuous years of field management can cause an annual change in the size, distribution and species composition of the seed bank. At present, it is necessary to strengthen the long-term positioning research, expand the research area and research contents, and focus on the dormancy and germination mechanism and seed fate of weed seeds to provide more accurate information for weed management.