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19世纪的英国伦敦,随着奶源市场的变化,牛奶的质量安全开始受到社会关注,牛奶的脱脂、掺水、染色、添加防腐剂等现象愈演愈烈,对公众健康形成威胁。本文认为,伦敦市场上牛奶掺假现象的蔓延与商贩对丰厚利润的追求、牛奶质量检测体系的滞后、政府的立法缺失和监管不力等因素有关。19世纪后半叶,随着国家干预的增强,英国先后颁布一系列食品安全方面的法律法规,加强了对牛奶等食品安全的监管力度,牛奶掺假之风由此逐步得到遏制。
In the 19th century, London, England, with the change of milk source market, the quality and safety of milk began to receive social attention. The phenomena of degreasing, watering, dyeing and preservative addition of milk intensified and posed a threat to public health. This article argues that the spread of milk adulteration in the London market is related to the traders’ pursuit of lucrative profits, the lagging milk quality inspection system, the lack of government legislation and the poor supervision. In the second half of the 19th century, with the increase in state intervention, Britain promulgated a series of laws and regulations on food safety and stepped up the supervision on the safety of foods such as milk. The milk adulteration policy was gradually checked.