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harm
vt. & n. 损害；危害
harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to = do harm to = do sb harm 对……有害
Fruit juice can harm children’s teeth. 果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。
Smoking is harmful to health. 吸烟有害健康。
辨析 harm, hurt, injury, wound
这些动词均含“受伤”之意。
harm to damage something 指身体或精神上的损害，不至于疼痛，几乎看不见摸不着。
hurt to feel pain in a part of your body or feel very upset and unhappy 指肉体或精神的伤害。
injury to cause physical harm to someone, especially in an accident or attack指在意外事故中受伤。
wound to injure someone, especially by making a cut or hole in your skin using a knife, gun etc指刀伤，枪伤或武器受伤等。
Watching TV for a long time will harm your eyes. 看电视太久对你的眼睛有害。
He felt rather hurt at your words. 你的话使他很难过。
Two people have been badly injured in a car accident. 有两个人在一起小汽车交通事故中严重受伤。
The thief wounded him with a knife. 小偷用刀刺伤了他。
inspect
vt. 检查；视察
He inspected the car before he bought it. 他买这辆车之前仔细检查了一下。
The commander inspected the troops. 司令检阅了部队。
辨析 inspect, examine, check, test
这些动词均含“检查”之意。
inspect to examine something carefully in order to find out whether it is satisfactory and standard or to make an official visit to some place 指按一定质量标准检查某物，仔细查看是否有不足之处或不标准的地方；也可指上级的视察。
examine to look at something or your body carefully to make a decision 指仔细地检查某物或身体以确定其性质和特点等。
check to do something in order to make sure it is correct, true and safe 指通过检查某事物来确认它是正确的、安全的、满意的。
test to do something in order to test whether somebody or something has reached a certain standard 指以某种手段来测试某人或某物是否到达了一定的标准。
It was strange that nobody inspected my ticket before I got on the train. 很奇怪，我上火车后，竟然没有人查看我的车票。
The doctor examined the boy and found there was nothing wrong with him.医生检查了男孩的身体，发现他没什么问题。
You must check your work more carefully—it’s full of mistakes. 你检查工作时一定要再仔细些——到处是错。
She left her purse on the table to test the child’s honesty. 她把钱包留在桌子上来考验那孩子是否诚实。
incident
n. 1. (尤指不寻常的)事件；小事件
There was a shooting incident near here last night. 昨夜这附近发生了枪击事件。
2. 事件；事变（主要指可能发展成战争等的政治事件）
The leaders of the two countries are discussing the border incident. 两国领导人正在商议此次边境事件。
辨析 incident, accident, event, affair
这些名词均含“事故；事件”之意。
incident something unusual that happens or a serious or violent event that causes disagreement 既可指小事件，又可指政治上具有影响的事件或事变。
accident something unlucky that happens without anyone intending or planning it 指偶然或意外发生的不幸事情。
event something that happens, especially something important, interesting or unusual尤指重要的，不录常的历史性事件。
affair political events and activities or things connected with your personal life 指政治事务或个人琐事。
The Lugouqiao incident occurred on July 7, 1937. 卢沟桥事变发生于1937年7月7日。
A serious accident is blocking the highway. 一起严重的交通事故阻塞了这条高速公路。
The new book was the cultural event of this year. 这本新书的出版是今年文化界的大事。
I am not prepared to discuss my financial affairs with the press. 我不打算与新闻界谈论我的财务问题。
pay attention to
vt. 注意
catch/attract/draw/get one’s attention to ... 吸引某人的注意力
fix/focus/concentrate one’s attention to ... 将注意力集中于
devote one’s attention to ... 专心致志于
call one’s attention to ... 唤起某人对……的注意力
She paid too much attention to her appearance. 她很注重外表。
A great deal of attention has been paid to protecting the environment. 人们已对保护环境投入了很多精力。
拓展 在pay attention to短语中，to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。在一些短语中，to也是介词。我们不妨将高中阶段常见带介词to的短语归纳一下：
be/get/become used to 习惯于
be addicted to沉溺于；对……上瘾
be devoted to 献身于；忠诚于
look forward to盼望
make contributions to对……做贡献
stick to坚持
be opposed to 反对
object to 反对
in danger of
prep. 在危险中；垂危
The country is in danger of war. 那个国家正处于战争的边缘。
He is badly ill. His life is in danger. 他病得很重，生命垂危。
反义词组：out of danger 脱离危险
拓展 在英语中，还有很多短语常用“in+名词+of”结构：
in case of 如果；万一；以防
in honor of 纪念；祝贺；欢迎
in charge of 负责；管理
in favor of 赞成；主张
in front of 在……前面
in possession of 拥有
in spite of 虽然；尽管
in terms of 就……而言；在……方面
练习
1. We must take measures to punish those________(危害) our environment. (harm)
2. The Minister of Education as well as some headmasters________ (已来视察) our school. (inspect)
3. Only after he arrived________(那件怪事才发生) in the ceremony. (incident)
4. She was sick and________(有丧失生命的危险). (danger)
5. It is suggested that we________(要更注意记录) new uses of old words. (attention)
参考答案
1. who do harm to
2. has come to inspected
3. did the strange incident happen
4. was in danger of losing her life
5. (should)pay more attention to recording
vt. & n. 损害；危害
harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to = do harm to = do sb harm 对……有害
Fruit juice can harm children’s teeth. 果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。
Smoking is harmful to health. 吸烟有害健康。
辨析 harm, hurt, injury, wound
这些动词均含“受伤”之意。
harm to damage something 指身体或精神上的损害，不至于疼痛，几乎看不见摸不着。
hurt to feel pain in a part of your body or feel very upset and unhappy 指肉体或精神的伤害。
injury to cause physical harm to someone, especially in an accident or attack指在意外事故中受伤。
wound to injure someone, especially by making a cut or hole in your skin using a knife, gun etc指刀伤，枪伤或武器受伤等。
Watching TV for a long time will harm your eyes. 看电视太久对你的眼睛有害。
He felt rather hurt at your words. 你的话使他很难过。
Two people have been badly injured in a car accident. 有两个人在一起小汽车交通事故中严重受伤。
The thief wounded him with a knife. 小偷用刀刺伤了他。
inspect
vt. 检查；视察
He inspected the car before he bought it. 他买这辆车之前仔细检查了一下。
The commander inspected the troops. 司令检阅了部队。
辨析 inspect, examine, check, test
这些动词均含“检查”之意。
inspect to examine something carefully in order to find out whether it is satisfactory and standard or to make an official visit to some place 指按一定质量标准检查某物，仔细查看是否有不足之处或不标准的地方；也可指上级的视察。
examine to look at something or your body carefully to make a decision 指仔细地检查某物或身体以确定其性质和特点等。
check to do something in order to make sure it is correct, true and safe 指通过检查某事物来确认它是正确的、安全的、满意的。
test to do something in order to test whether somebody or something has reached a certain standard 指以某种手段来测试某人或某物是否到达了一定的标准。
It was strange that nobody inspected my ticket before I got on the train. 很奇怪，我上火车后，竟然没有人查看我的车票。
The doctor examined the boy and found there was nothing wrong with him.医生检查了男孩的身体，发现他没什么问题。
You must check your work more carefully—it’s full of mistakes. 你检查工作时一定要再仔细些——到处是错。
She left her purse on the table to test the child’s honesty. 她把钱包留在桌子上来考验那孩子是否诚实。
incident
n. 1. (尤指不寻常的)事件；小事件
There was a shooting incident near here last night. 昨夜这附近发生了枪击事件。
2. 事件；事变（主要指可能发展成战争等的政治事件）
The leaders of the two countries are discussing the border incident. 两国领导人正在商议此次边境事件。
辨析 incident, accident, event, affair
这些名词均含“事故；事件”之意。
incident something unusual that happens or a serious or violent event that causes disagreement 既可指小事件，又可指政治上具有影响的事件或事变。
accident something unlucky that happens without anyone intending or planning it 指偶然或意外发生的不幸事情。
event something that happens, especially something important, interesting or unusual尤指重要的，不录常的历史性事件。
affair political events and activities or things connected with your personal life 指政治事务或个人琐事。
The Lugouqiao incident occurred on July 7, 1937. 卢沟桥事变发生于1937年7月7日。
A serious accident is blocking the highway. 一起严重的交通事故阻塞了这条高速公路。
The new book was the cultural event of this year. 这本新书的出版是今年文化界的大事。
I am not prepared to discuss my financial affairs with the press. 我不打算与新闻界谈论我的财务问题。
pay attention to
vt. 注意
catch/attract/draw/get one’s attention to ... 吸引某人的注意力
fix/focus/concentrate one’s attention to ... 将注意力集中于
devote one’s attention to ... 专心致志于
call one’s attention to ... 唤起某人对……的注意力
She paid too much attention to her appearance. 她很注重外表。
A great deal of attention has been paid to protecting the environment. 人们已对保护环境投入了很多精力。
拓展 在pay attention to短语中，to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。在一些短语中，to也是介词。我们不妨将高中阶段常见带介词to的短语归纳一下：
be/get/become used to 习惯于
be addicted to沉溺于；对……上瘾
be devoted to 献身于；忠诚于
look forward to盼望
make contributions to对……做贡献
stick to坚持
be opposed to 反对
object to 反对
in danger of
prep. 在危险中；垂危
The country is in danger of war. 那个国家正处于战争的边缘。
He is badly ill. His life is in danger. 他病得很重，生命垂危。
反义词组：out of danger 脱离危险
拓展 在英语中，还有很多短语常用“in+名词+of”结构：
in case of 如果；万一；以防
in honor of 纪念；祝贺；欢迎
in charge of 负责；管理
in favor of 赞成；主张
in front of 在……前面
in possession of 拥有
in spite of 虽然；尽管
in terms of 就……而言；在……方面
练习
1. We must take measures to punish those________(危害) our environment. (harm)
2. The Minister of Education as well as some headmasters________ (已来视察) our school. (inspect)
3. Only after he arrived________(那件怪事才发生) in the ceremony. (incident)
4. She was sick and________(有丧失生命的危险). (danger)
5. It is suggested that we________(要更注意记录) new uses of old words. (attention)
参考答案
1. who do harm to
2. has come to inspected
3. did the strange incident happen
4. was in danger of losing her life
5. (should)pay more attention to recording