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在重型机器製造廠中,經常要在大型的鋼或生铁鑄件、鍛件、或衝焊構件上進行許多鑽、鏜工序。通常先用鑽头和擴孔鑽開孔,然後再鏜孔或擴孔。如果用上述方法來加工孔時,所形成的孔的金屬就要完全变为切屑,既阻塞工作场地,又不便於运走和处理。在加工直徑为150～200公厘的孔時,更換刀具不僅化费很多時間,而且要經常搬動笨重的刀具,也会使人体疲劳。因此很久以前,就着手進行有關造一种不使全部被鑽金屬变成切屑的刀具的工作;当用环孔鑽時,只鑽掉一个环圈的金屬,而
In heavy machine builders, many drilling and boring operations are often performed on large steel or pig iron castings, forgings, or flush components. It is common practice to drill a hole with a drill and reamer first and then bored or reamed. If the hole is machined as described above, the resulting metal in the hole is completely turned into chips, blocking both the work site and the transport and handling. When machining holes with a diameter of 150 to 200 mm, it is not only time-consuming to change the tool, but also to move the bulky tool frequently and fatigue. Therefore, a long time ago, a work was done on making a knife that did not turn all the metal being drilled into chips. When drilling a hole, only one ring of metal was drilled,