目的了解寄宿制学校儿童肥胖的发病现况。方法于2006年对通辽市某寄宿制学校518名(6~12岁)儿童进行身体发育指标的现况调查。结果518名儿童的超重和单纯性肥胖发生率分别为4.25%和13.90%;男生超重及单纯性肥胖发生率与女生比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.27,P>0.05);汉族儿童超重及单纯性肥胖发生率与蒙族儿童差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.32,P>0.05);病例组与对照组儿童在遗传、出生情况、喜爱的食物、吃早餐的次数、进食速度、每日看电视的时间及上学或外出的交通方式上,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论该寄宿制学校儿童肥胖的发生率较高,加强胎儿期的卫生保健,改变不合理的饮食和行为习惯是减少寄宿制学校儿童肥胖的有效措施。 Objective To understand the prevalence of obesity in boarding schools. Methods In 2006, 518 adults (6 ~ 12 years old) in boarding school in Tongliao City were surveyed about their physical development indexes. Results The prevalence rates of overweight and simple obesity in 518 children were 4.25% and 13.90% respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of overweight and simple obesity between male and female students (χ2 = 0.27, P> 0.05) The prevalence of simple obesity was not significantly different from that of Mongolian children (χ2 = 0.32, P> 0.05). The cases of children in the control group were significantly different from those in the control group in terms of genetics, birth, favorite food, number of eating breakfast, TV time and school or going out of the means of transport, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of obesity in boarding schools is high. Strengthening fetal health care and changing unreasonable diet and behavior are effective measures to reduce obesity in boarding schools.