一般而言,空域可分为一国领空和国际空域。领空是指一个国家的陆地、内水、群岛水域和领海上空的空域。根据联合国海洋公约,国际上采用的领海标准以退潮海岸线为基线,领海的宽度不超过12海里。一个国家对其领空可行使唯一、排他的、完全的主权。传统的观点认为,国际空域是指毗邻区、专属经济区、公海和不属于任何国家主权管辖范围内土地(如南极洲大陆)上空的空域。在国际空域,各国航行器拥有飞越 In general, airspace can be divided into airspace and international airspace in a State. Airspace refers to a country’s terrestrial, internal waters, archipelagic waters and airspace above the territorial sea. Under the UN-Oceans Convention, the internationally adopted territorial sea standard is based on the ebb coastline and the territorial sea does not exceed 12 nautical miles in width. A nation can exercise its sole, exclusive and complete sovereignty over its airspace. According to the traditional view, the international airspace refers to the airspace above the adjoining areas, the exclusive economic zone, the high seas and the lands that do not belong to the territory under any national sovereignty, such as Antarctica. In the international airspace, all aircraft have overflight