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目的评价某制鞋企业局部通风防尘毒系统防护效果,提出合理的改进措施。方法对制鞋企业的工程分析和职业卫生调查,识别制鞋企业粉尘和有机溶剂分布的岗位,分析各岗位采取的局部通风防尘毒系统,通过职业病危害因素检测、健康监护分析其危害程度,通过卫生工程检测,分析局部通风系统控制效果。结果制鞋企业存在的化学毒物主要为有机溶剂,包括苯、甲苯、二甲苯、丙酮、丁酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、1,2-二氯乙烷等,存在的粉尘包括矽尘、布尘、皮革尘和橡胶尘。检测结果显示化学毒物、粉尘超标率分别达0.8%和9%,针对危害情况,采取局部通风防护系统进行控制,排风罩的控制风速检测结果显示低于和高于国家标准规定的控制风速要求的分别占10%和5%,其它符合国家标准要求。结论局部通风能有效控制制鞋企业粉尘和有机溶剂危害,但应加强其维护保养。
Objective To evaluate the protective effect of local ventilated and dust-proof toxic system in a shoe-making enterprise and put forward reasonable improvement measures. Methods The engineering analysis and occupational health survey of shoe-making enterprises, the positions of dust and organic solvent distribution in shoe-making enterprises were identified, and the local ventilation and dust-proof poisoning system was analyzed. Occupational hazards and health care were analyzed to analyze the harm degree, Through sanitary engineering testing, analysis of local ventilation system control effect. Results The main chemical poison in shoemaking enterprises is organic solvents, including benzene, toluene, xylene, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 1,2-dichloroethane and the like. , Cloth dust, leather dust and rubber dust. The test result shows that the exceeding standard rate of chemical poisons and dust reaches 0.8% and 9% respectively. According to the damage situation, the local ventilation protection system is adopted to control. The control wind speed detection results of the exhaust hood show below and above the control wind speed requirements stipulated by the national standards Respectively, accounting for 10% and 5%, the other in line with national standards. Conclusion Local ventilation can effectively control the hazards of shoe dust and organic solvents, but should be strengthened to maintain it.