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目的了解长春市0～6岁儿童营养状况。方法采取分层整群抽样的方法确定样本量,测量儿童身高、体重,用2006年WHO推荐的生长发育标准进行评价。卡方检验分析方法。结果长春市0～6岁儿童体重低下率为2.1%,发育迟缓率为5.86%,肥胖率为9.32%。不同年龄儿童的发育迟缓率、体重低下率和肥胖率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3岁组儿童发育迟缓率最高,为9.86%;4岁组儿童体重低下率最高,为5.50%;0岁组儿童肥胖率最高,为14.20%。不同性别儿童的发育迟缓率、体重低下率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),男童的发育迟缓率、体重低下率高于女童;肥胖率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。城市和农村儿童的发育迟缓率、体重低下率、肥胖率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),农村儿童的发育迟缓率、体重低下率高于城市,城市儿童的肥胖率高于农村。结论长春市儿童的营养状况优于全国平均水平,营养不良处于低度水平。营养问题的重点是应遏制肥胖的进一步流行。应加强对家长进行幼儿阶段的科学喂养知识教育,培养幼儿良好的饮食习惯;不宜过早的在婴儿期添加辅食,以免婴儿超重;改善农村经济,提高农村儿童的保健水平。
Objective To understand the nutritional status of children aged 0 ~ 6 in Changchun. Methods Stratified cluster sampling was used to determine the sample size, measure the height and weight of children, and evaluated by the WHO recommended growth and development criteria in 2006. Chi-square test analysis method. Results The prevalence of underweight among children aged 0-6 years in Changchun was 2.1%, the rate of developmental delay was 5.86%, and the rate of obesity was 9.32%. There was significant difference in growth retardation, weight loss and obesity among children of different ages (P <0.05). Children in the 3-year-old group had the highest rate of stunting, accounting for 9.86%; children in the 4-year-old group had the highest weight loss rate of 5.50%; those in the 0-year-old group had the highest rate of 14.20%. There was significant difference in the rates of stunting and weight loss between boys and girls (P <0.05). The rates of stunting and weight loss in boys were higher than those in girls. There was no significant difference in obesity rate (P> 0.05). The rates of stunting, weight loss and obesity in urban and rural children were significantly different (P <0.05). The rates of stunting and weight loss in rural children were higher than those in urban areas, and those in urban children were higher than those in rural areas. Conclusion The nutritional status of children in Changchun is better than the national average and malnutrition is at a low level. The focus of nutrition is to stop the further epidemic of obesity. Should strengthen the parents of early childhood education of scientific feeding knowledge, develop good eating habits of children; should not be premature baby food supplement in the infancy to prevent overweight babies; improve the rural economy and improve rural children’s health care.