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为研究不同地膜覆盖材料对旱区谷子的增产效果和机理,利用田间试验研究不同地膜覆盖(白色聚乙烯地膜(WP)、白色可降解地膜(WD)和黑色可降解地膜(BD))对土壤水温、谷子叶片和群体水分利用效率及产量构成的影响。结果表明:1)与对照(CK,露地)相比,各覆膜处理均使0~20cm土层土壤温度和土壤含水量显著提高,0~100cm土层的蓄水保墒能力有所增加。其中WP处理的地温日较差最大,增温效应最明显,WD、BD处理依次减弱。WP处理的0~20cm土层保水效果最好。各覆膜处理均使谷子生育前期0~100cm土层的蓄水保墒能力提高,为谷子的需水关键期提供了保障。2)各覆膜处理均较CK使谷子的水分利用效率显著提高。其中,BD处理的叶片和群体水分利用效率表现最佳,WD较WP处理水分利用表现略差。3)各覆膜处理较CK均使谷子产量显著提高。BD处理产量最高,WP与WD处理产量相当。4)各覆膜处理中,BD处理的杂草防除效果最优,WP与WD处理效果相当。综上,在谷子田间生产中,黑色、白色可降解地膜具有替代普通聚乙烯地膜的可行性,黑色可降解地膜在水分利用和杂草防除方面表现更优。
In order to study the effect and mechanism of different plastic film mulching on yield increase of millet in arid area, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different plastic film mulching (WP, WH, and BD) Water temperature, millet leaf and population water use efficiency and yield composition. The results showed that: 1) Compared with the control (CK, open field), the soil temperature and soil water content of 0 ~ 20cm soil layer were significantly increased, and the water storage and soil moisture retention capacity of 0 ~ 100cm soil layer increased. Among them, WP had the worst difference in geothermal day, and the warming effect was the most obvious, followed by WD and BD were weakened. WP treated 0 ~ 20cm soil best water retention. All the treatments of the mulching increased the ability of water storage and preserving soil 0 ~ 100cm in the early growth period of millet, which provided the guarantee for the key period of water requirement of the millet. 2) Compared with CK, the water-use efficiency of millet was significantly increased in all treatments. Among them, the leaf water use efficiency of BD and its population was the best, while that of WD was slightly worse than that of WP. 3) The treatments of CK and CK all increased the yield of millet obviously. BD processed the highest yield, WP and WD processed the same yield. 4) In all treatment treatments, the weed control effect of BD treatment is the best, and the treatment effect of WP and WD is equivalent. In summary, in the field of millet production, black, white biodegradable plastic film has the feasibility of alternative ordinary polyethylene film, black biodegradable film in water use and weed control performance better.