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跨国公司的全球垂直分工和大量中间产品贸易的存在,夸大了一些出口国的出口规模和真实贸易差额,掩盖了贸易差额背后的真实比较优势。一国的真实贸易差额,应是出口减去出口产品生产过程中使用的进口中间产品,再减去进口,即本国贸易差额。这种新的贸易差额统计具有可操作性、包容性,能较好地反映一国的比较优势基础和外贸增长方式。
The multinational corporations' global vertical division of labor and the existence of a large amount of trade in intermediate products have exaggerated the scale of exports and the real trade balance of some exporting countries and have masked the true comparative advantage behind the trade balance. The true trade balance of a country should be the value of exports less the imports of intermediate products used in the production of the exported products, minus the imports, the domestic trade balance. This new trade balance statistics is maneuverable and inclusive, and can better reflect the foundation of a country's comparative advantages and the mode of foreign trade growth.