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目的 探讨儿童血清维生素A、E与肺炎支原体肺炎之间的关系.方法 153例肺炎支原体肺炎的患儿入选病例组,635例健康儿童入选对照组.使用倾向性评分匹配法对两组儿童进行匹配,得到组间协变量均衡的样本.使用高效液相色谱法测定血清维生素A、E的水平.采用多因素logistic回归模型分析血清维生素A、E对肺炎支原体肺炎患儿的影响.结果 倾向性评分匹配后,153例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿和306例健康儿童作为对照组纳入研究.Logistic回归分析显示,调整了月龄和性别后,匹配前维生素A、E水平越高,儿童肺炎支原体肺炎发生的危险性越小(OR=0.075,95％ CI:O.007 ～0.815;OR=0.854,95％ CI:0.792 ～0.986).匹配后,维生素E水平越高,儿童肺炎支原体肺炎发生的风险越小(OR=0.877,95％ CI:0.810～0.950).结论 本研究未发现血清维生素A对患儿患肺炎支原体肺炎存在显著影响,但是发现血清维生素E与肺炎支原体肺炎存在关联,因此在肺炎支原体肺炎患儿的临床预防和治疗过程中,应密切监测并适量补充维生素E.“,”Objective To explore the association between Vitamin A,E and mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children.Methods 153 children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and 653 health children were selected as cases and controls,respectively.Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis were conducted to reducing confounding bias between groups.Blood samples were collected to test serum levels of vitamin A and E using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Logistic regression was implemented to determine odds ratios (OR) and 95％ confidence intervals (CI) for evaluating the association of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with the serum levels of Vitamin A and E.Results Mter propensity score matching,the study cohort included 153 cases with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and 306 health children as controls.Before matching,with age and gender adjusted,logistic regression analysis indicated that higher serum levels of Vitamin A and E led to a lower risk of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (OR =0.075,95％ CI:0.007-0.815;OR =0.854,95％ CI:0.792-0.986).After matching,higher serum level of Vitamin E had a significantly lower risk of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (OR =0.877,95％ CI:0.810-0.950).Conclusions The serum levels of Vitamin A didnt have a statistically significant association with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.However,we observed an obvious association between Vitamin E and mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Hence Vitamin E clinical monitoring and supplementation are vital for preventing and treating mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.