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慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征(CP/CPPS)是泌尿男科常见病之一，治疗后易复发。近年来，在传统药物疗效局限的情况下，体外冲击波治疗(ESWT)应用于CP/CPPS患者的安全性和有效性得到广泛证实。研究结果显示ESWT短期(≤ 12周)疗效令人满意，但缺乏长期(> 12周)的随访数据。此外，适应证不统一、作用机制未阐明等，限制了其进一步的临床推广。本文总结ESWT在CP/CPPS患者中应用的最新进展及其潜在作用机制。“,”Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is one of the common diseases in uroloandrology, which recurs easily after treatment. In recent years, the safety and efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for CP/CPPS has been widely demonstrated. Studies have shown satisfactory short-term (≤12 weeks) outcomes of ESWT, but lack long-term (>12 weeks) follow-up data. In addition, inconsistent indications and unexplained therapeutic mechanisms have limited the further clinical promotion of ESWT. This article summarizes the latest progress and potential mechanism of ESWT in the treatment of CP/CPPS in order to provide new insights for the standardized application of ESWT.