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目的了解重庆市农村地区学生奶计划实施情况和小学生及家长对“学生饮用奶计划”的认知、态度、行为,为营养改善计划提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,在重庆市万州区和荣昌区的郊区和乡镇地区分别随机选取5所小学,再从5所小学3~5年级中每个年级随机抽取1个班,共抽取530名学生和450名家长进行问卷调查。结果郊区学生在规定时间段饮用学生奶的比例高于乡镇学生(Z=9.675,P=0.022);郊区中44.4%的学生每天坚持饮用牛奶,高于乡镇中坚持饮用牛奶的学生比例(26.4%)(Z=2.417,P=0.016)。郊区的家长接触过学生奶项目宣传的比例高于乡镇的家长(Z=-5.639,P<0.001);郊区学校每天发放学生奶次数≥5次的比例(39.5%)小于乡镇学校(53.3%)(χ~2=9.365,P=0.002)。分析学生饮奶的影响因素,结果表明每天坚持喝牛奶的学生,饮用牛奶的频率最高;每周学校发放学生奶的频率越高,学生越常饮用牛奶。结论重庆市应该长期实行营养改善计划,持续供应学生奶。建议在推进营养改善计划的过程中,进一步普及营养健康知识,加强食品安全管理。
Objective To understand the implementation of the student milk program in rural areas of Chongqing and the cognition, attitudes and behaviors of pupils and parents on the “Student Drinking Milk Program” in order to provide a reference for nutrition improvement programs. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to randomly select five primary schools in the suburbs and townships of Wanzhou District and Rongchang District of Chongqing Municipality respectively. One grade was randomly selected from each of the five grades 3-5, A total of 530 students and 450 parents were surveyed. (Z = 9.675, P = 0.022). In the suburbs, 44.4% of students insisted on drinking milk every day, which was higher than the proportion of students who insisted on drinking milk in towns and townships (26.4% ) (Z = 2.417, P = 0.016). (Z = -5.639, P <0.001). In suburban schools, the proportion of students who had been breastfeeding more than 5 times per day (39.5%) was less than that of township schools (53.3%), (χ ~ 2 = 9.365, P = 0.002). Analysis of the influencing factors of students drinking milk, the results show that every day to drink milk students, the highest frequency of drinking milk; weekly delivery of student milk, the higher the frequency, the students drink milk more often. Conclusion The Chongqing Municipality should implement a nutrition improvement plan for a long time and provide continuous supply of milk for students. It is recommended that more nutrition and health knowledge should be further popularized and food safety management be strengthened in the process of promoting nutrition improvement programs.