1.道路设施 河南人称陆上道路为“早路”。今日的公路是由秦朝的“驿道”、元朝的“大道”、清朝的“官路”、民国的“马路”演变发展而来的。 1949年前,河南城乡道路多为土质公路,村间道路普遍为土面小路,石子砖渣路面极为少见。而交通工具多以牛车为主。能行牛车的路叫“大路”,牛车不能行的路叫“小路”。田间里的阡陌小路多为斜路,是农民劳动时走的。有些荒废失修、草长人稀的荒路,可通向大路和邻村,是农民外出时也可利用的近路便道。20年代后,“大路”之称又分为可供汽车通行的“汽车路” (简称“汽路” )和不能行汽车的“车马路” (也称 1. Road facilities Henan called land on the road as “early.” Today’s roads have evolved from the “post road” of the Qin Dynasty, the “avenue” of the Yuan Dynasty, the “official road” of the Qing Dynasty and the “road” of the Republic of China. Before 1949, most of the urban and rural roads in Henan were earth-borne roads. The roads in the villages were mostly earth-surface roads, and the stone-brick pavements were extremely rare. The main means of transport to more than carts. The road that can carry ox cart is called “avenue”. The road where a cart can not go is called a “path.” The paddy fields in the field mostly for the sloping road, is a peasant laborer walking. Some deserted and pristine wasteland leads to the main road and the neighboring villages. It is also a pedestrian passage that peasants can also make use of when they go out. After the 1920s, the word “avenue” is divided into “car road” (referred to as “steam road”) and “car road” (also referred to as “car road”