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目的探讨突发性公共卫生事件的流行病学特征和预防控制策略。方法收集2004年5月~2015年5月《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》的子系统《突发性公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统》网络直报数据库资料,调查核实突发性公共卫生事件数、发病人数、死亡人数、波及人口数。结果共发生突发性公共卫生事件217起,其中Ⅲ级占1.38%,Ⅳ级占48.85%,Ⅳ级以下占49.77%,传染病和食物中毒事件数、发病人数、死亡人数和波及人数均明显高于职业中毒和环境因素事件,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),职业中毒罹患率和死亡率则明显高于传染病、食物中毒和环境因素事件,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3~4月份及11~12月份发生突发性公共卫生事件居多,分别占26.73%,30.41%,发生在学校占63.59%(138/217),农村占63.59%。结论突发性公共卫生事件时间、人群和城乡分布差异显著,加强对农村学校传染病和食物中毒的预防、监测和有效处理是预防突发性公共卫生事件的重要策略。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies and the prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of “Direct Public Health Incident Reporting Management Information System” network direct reporting database of “China Disease Prevention and Control Information System” from May 2004 to May 2015 was collected to investigate and verify the number of public health emergencies, The number of patients, the number of deaths, affecting the population. Results A total of 217 public health emergencies occurred, of which Ⅲ grade accounted for 1.38%, Ⅳ grade accounted for 48.85%, 49.77% below grade Ⅳ, infectious diseases and food poisoning incidents, the number of patients, the number of deaths and the number of people were significantly Higher than occupational poisoning and environmental factors, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), occupational poisoning attack rate and mortality were significantly higher than the infectious diseases, food poisoning and environmental factors events, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05 ). From March to April and from November to December, the majority of public health emergencies took place, accounting for 26.73% and 30.41% respectively, accounting for 63.59% (138/217) in schools and 63.59% in rural areas. Conclusions The time, crowd and urban-rural distribution of sudden public health incidents are significantly different. Strengthening the prevention, monitoring and effective treatment of communicable diseases and food poisoning in rural schools is an important strategy to prevent sudden public health incidents.