人免疫缺陷病毒1型(human immunodeficiencyvirus type1,HIV-1)复制的晚期阶段是整个复制周期中的关键环节。该阶段HIV-1经装配、出芽释放和成熟过程产生能感染新靶细胞的成熟病毒颗粒。结构蛋白Gag及其相关基因(蛋白)在此阶段发挥着重要作用,它通过协同自身不同区域,有利于蛋白质-蛋白质、蛋白质-RNA和蛋白质-脂质相互作用,从而促进成熟感染病毒颗粒的产生。针对此阶段设计的药物,可有效地阻断HIV-1成熟,从而抑制病毒感染。本文综述了结构蛋白Gag及其相关基因(蛋白)在HIV-1晚期复制的作用及其抑制剂的研究进展。 The late phase of replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a key link in the entire replication cycle. During this phase, HIV-1 is produced through the assembly, budding, and maturation processes that produce mature virus particles that can infect new target cells. The structural protein Gag and its related genes (proteins) play an important role in this phase by facilitating the production of mature infectious virus particles by synergizing their own regions in favor of protein-protein, protein-RNA and protein-lipid interactions . Drug designed for this stage can effectively block the HIV-1 maturation, thus inhibiting the virus infection. This review summarizes the role of Gag and its related genes (proteins) in the replication of HIV-1 in the late stage and the progress of its inhibitors.