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一、引言稳定同位素(包括铀同位素)的分离在原子能科学技术、国防工业中具有极为重要的意义。然而,分离同位素、特别是分离铀同位素却是非常困难的。例如目前国外分离U~(235)-U~(238)的方法是用气体扩散法或超离心法。但是气体扩散法的分离系数很小,仅为1.0043,故需要上千级以上的级联装置,同时需要大量的压缩机,故耗电量多、成本昂贵。超离心法虽然分离系数可达1.05,但需要每分钟数万转的超高速离心机,因此对离心机材料和结构要求很高、制造困难、寿命较短,招致很高的运行和维修费用。所以国外还一直致力研究过其它的各种方法,但至今均未见有很大成效。
I. INTRODUCTION The separation of stable isotopes (including uranium isotopes) is of great importance in atomic energy science and technology and national defense industry. However, it is very difficult to separate isotopes, especially uranium isotopes. For example, the current method of separating U ~ (235) -U ~ (238) abroad is gas diffusion method or ultracentrifugation method. But the gas diffusion method separation factor is very small, only 1.0043, it requires more than a thousand cascade devices, while requiring a large number of compressors, it consumes more power and costly. Ultracentrifugation method although the separation factor of up to 1.05, but need tens of thousands of revolutions per minute ultra-high-speed centrifuge, centrifuges and therefore require high material and structure, manufacturing difficulties, short life expectancy, incurring high operating and maintenance costs. Therefore, foreign countries have also devoted themselves to studying various other methods, but so far they have not seen much success.