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目的探讨儿童铅中毒的相关危险因素,认识加强环境保护及健康教育干预的重要作用。方法对昆明市区800名儿童及昭通彝良铅锌矿区464名儿童,采用美国PE公司AA-300石墨炉原子吸收法进行静脉血血铅含量测定。随机抽取血铅水平>100ug/L,<250ug/L各200名,并设置相关因素问卷调查表及健康教育干预措施。健康教育干预后3个月,分别对召回的矿区116名、昆明市106名儿童进行血铅复查。结果儿童铅水平高度相关的危险因素与家长吸烟、居住地距污染源较近、父母铅接触、儿童不良行为习惯密切相关。昆明市区儿童血铅水平干预前后比较差值16.27ug/L,昭通矿区儿童干预前后比较差值0.7ug/L,昆明市儿童组与铅污染区儿童组间,干预前后血铅水平差值存在显著差异(P<0.01)。改善儿童生活环境,进行健康教育干预是预防儿童铅中毒的有效措施。但铅污染区儿童铅中毒状况改善较为困难。结论高度重视儿童铅中毒的相关危险因素,健康教育及环境改善是儿童铅中毒防范的重要措施。
Objective To explore the risk factors related to lead poisoning in children and to understand the important role of environmental intervention and health education intervention. Methods A total of 464 children from 800 children in Kunming city and Yiliang lead-zinc mine in Zhaotong City were tested for venous blood lead by AA-300 Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. A total of 200 blood lead levels> 100ug / L and <250ug / L were randomly selected, and relevant questionnaires and health education interventions were set up. Three months after the health education intervention, 116 children in the recalled mining area and 106 children in Kunming were assessed for blood lead. Results There was a close correlation between the risk factors of lead levels in children and those of parents smoking, living near the sources of pollution, parental lead exposure and children’s bad habits. Before and after the level of blood lead level in Kunming children was relatively poor 16.27ug / L, Zhaotong mine children before and after the intervention was relatively poor 0.7ug / L, Kunming children and lead contaminated areas children group, the difference between before and after intervention in blood lead levels exist Significant difference (P <0.01). Improve children’s living environment, health education intervention is to prevent children’s lead poisoning effective measures. However, it is more difficult for children in lead-contaminated areas to improve their lead poisoning status. Conclusion Attaches great importance to the risk factors associated with lead poisoning in children, and health education and environmental improvement are important measures to prevent lead poisoning in children.