细胞外间质 (ECM)、粘附分子 (AMs)及生长因子 (GFs)与糖尿病微血管病变有密切的关系。研究不同阶段糖尿病视网膜病变在基膜、细胞表面等部位ECM、AMs的异常改变有助于了解其发病机制。ECM、AMs成分的改变和交联异常与非酶糖基化导致的糖基化终末产物有关 ,而许多GFs能诱导和促进此过程的发生和发展。血液ECM成分和AMs的含量测定对于糖尿病微血管病变的早期诊断、病情监测、疗效观察和预后判断都不失为良好的指标。 Extracellular matrix (ECM), adhesion molecules (AMs) and growth factors (GFs) are closely related to diabetic microangiopathy. Study of different stages of diabetic retinopathy in the basement membrane, cell surface and other parts of ECM, abnormal changes of AMs help to understand the pathogenesis. ECM, AMs composition changes and abnormal cross-linked non-enzymatic glycation caused by the glycation end products, and many GFs can induce and promote the occurrence and development of this process. Determination of blood components of ECM and AMs for the early diagnosis of diabetic microangiopathy, disease monitoring, efficacy and prognosis are good indicators of judgment.