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刑事赔偿的归责原则,为从法律价值上判断国家对刑事司法侵权造成损害应否承担法律责任提供了最根本的依据和标准,对于确定刑事赔偿责任的构成及免责条件、举证责任的负担以及承担责任的范围具有重大意义。刑事赔偿归责原则的确定,不仅体现了国家刑事赔偿的立法政策和价值取向,同时还受到本国的法律传统、民情国力等诸多因素的影响。学术界、实务界对于我国刑事赔偿的归责原则问题,认识还很不一致。笔者通过立足于我国社会经济的具体国情,分析国家赔偿法(包括刑事赔偿制度)的立法背景,并将国家赔偿法的有关规定与当时的刑法、刑事诉讼法进行比较和分析,认为我国的刑事赔偿,无论从立法背影看,还是从国家赔偿法总则的规定和刑事赔偿的具体规定看,其所确立的惟一的归责原则是违法原则。
The principle of imputation of criminal compensation provides the most basic basis and standard for judging whether the state damages the criminal judicial infringement should bear the legal liability from the legal value. It is of great significance to determine the constitution and exemption of criminal liability, the burden of proof burden and The extent of responsibility is of great significance. The determination of the principle of imputation of criminal compensation not only reflects the legislative policy and value orientation of the state criminal compensation, but also is influenced by many factors such as the legal tradition of the country and the national conditions of the country. Academics and practitioners are not very consistent about the principle of imputation of criminal compensation in China. Based on the specific national conditions in our country’s social economy, the author analyzes the legislative background of state compensation law (including the system of criminal compensation), compares and analyzes the relevant provisions of the State Compensation Law with the then criminal law and criminal procedure law, and holds that the criminal law of our country Compensation, no matter from the perspective of legislation, or from the provisions of the General Principles of State Compensation Law and the specific provisions of criminal compensation, the only liability principle established by it is the principle of illegality.