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一、电子与有机化学十九世纪初,道尔顿(J.Dalton)基于科学依据,提出了原子学说。以此为起点,原子量、分子、原子价等近代化学中的重要概念也逐步得以确立。化学家们在相当长的时期内一直认为:欲得到有机化合物,生命力的作用是必要的。直到维勒(F.W(?)hler)在1828年合成出尿素后,这种看法才渐渐失去市场。而进入十九世纪后半叶,关于有机物质化学结构的研究日益发展。凯库勒(A.Kekulé)提出的苯分子构造式的概念,对十九世纪有机化学的进展作出了贡献。到了十九世纪末和廿世纪初,物理学家们关于电子、原子核、原子结构的研究已经取得了相当的成功。
I. Electronics and Organic Chemistry In the early nineteenth century, J. Dalton proposed the theory of atoms based on scientific evidence. Using this as a starting point, important concepts in modern chemistry such as atomic weight, molecular, and atomic prices have gradually been established. Chemists have been thinking for a long time that the role of vitality is necessary to obtain organic compounds. It wasn’t until Feller (F. Wöhler) synthesized urea in 1828 that this view gradually lost its market. In the second half of the nineteenth century, research on the chemical structure of organic substances was increasingly developed. The concept of benzene molecular structure proposed by A. Kekulé contributed to the progress of organic chemistry in the 19th century. By the end of the nineteenth and early centuries, physicists had achieved considerable success in the study of electrons, nuclei, and atomic structures.