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为了解不同氮(N)源(有机/无机肥)配施对冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)根系时空分布特征和产量的影响,采用微根管(minirhizotron)动态监测技术,以强筋小麦品种‘豫麦34’为试验材料,在等养分条件下,设置不施肥(T0)、100%尿素N(T1)、75%尿素N+25%鸡粪N(T2)、50%尿素N+50%鸡粪N(T3)、25%尿素N+75%鸡粪N(T4)和100%鸡粪N(T5)等6个有机N与化肥N配施处理,研究分析了‘豫麦34’在不同生育时期及0-100cm土层中根系直径、根长密度、根长生长量和死亡量等根系特征参数的变化及其产量表现。结果表明,施肥不仅有利于各生育时期及不同土层中根系直径、根长密度和根长生长量的增加,而且增加了根长死亡量,促进了根系的周转。对不同配施处理进行比较,发现T3处理(尿素和鸡粪等氮配施)的效果最为显著,全生育期平均根长密度、周期生长量与周期死亡量分别较对照T0增加了55.52%、57.79%和61.61%,有效分蘖数、穗粒重、经济产量和经济系数也以T3处理增加最多,分别较T0增加了52.63%、43.90%、40.16%和12.02%;穗粒数在T4处理下最大,较T0增加了45.79%;生物产量在T5处理下最高,比T0增加了26.95%。因此,不同氮源合理配施有利于促进冬小麦根系的生长及在不同土层中的扩展,提高冬小麦产量。尿素和鸡粪为N源时等氮配施(50:50)的效果最佳。
In order to understand the effects of different nitrogen (N) sources (organic / inorganic fertilizers) on the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), the dynamic monitoring technology of minirhizotron was used. (T0), 100% urea N (T1), 75% urea N + 25% chicken manure N (T2), 50% urea N + 50% chicken manure Six organic N such as N (T3), 25% urea N + 75% chicken manure N (T4) and 100% chicken manure N (T5) were treated with chemical fertilizer N to study the effects of ’Yumai 34’ Root diameter, root length density, root length growth and mortality in 0-100 cm soil layer and their yield characteristics. The results showed that fertilization not only increased the root diameter, root length density and root length growth, but also increased the root length death and promoted the turnover of root system in different growth stages and different soil layers. The results showed that the effect of T3 treatment (urea and chicken manure and other nitrogen application) was the most significant. The average root length density, the growth of the cycle and the periodical death of the whole growth period were 55.52% more than the control T0, respectively. 57.79% and 61.61% respectively. The effective tiller number, spike weight, economic yield and economic coefficient increased by 52.63%, 43.90%, 40.16% and 12.02%, respectively. The maximum was 45.79% higher than that of T0. The biological yield was the highest under T5 treatment, increased by 26.95% over T0. Therefore, the rational allocation of different nitrogen sources is conducive to promoting the growth of winter wheat roots and in different layers of soil to increase winter wheat yield. Nitrogen (50:50) is most effective when urea and chicken manure are N sources.