腐蚀是机器、设备、构件、用品失效的主要原因之一。据报导世界各工业发达国家腐蚀损失约占其国民经济总产值的2～4％。 1982年美国因金属腐蚀造成的损失约100亿美元;日本一年因金属腐蚀而损失的金额约20亿美元;苏联因腐蚀而损失的金属材料高达500～600万吨;我国没有完整的统计数据,1980年科委腐蚀学科组对化工、石油、 Corrosion is one of the main reasons for the failure of machinery, equipment, components and supplies. It is reported that the corrosion losses in various industrialized countries in the world account for about 2% to 4% of their GNP. In 1982, the loss caused by metal corrosion in the United States was about 10 billion U.S. dollars. Japan lost about 2 billion U.S. dollars a year due to metal corrosion. The Soviet Union lost 5 to 6 million tons of metal materials due to corrosion. There is no complete statistical data in China In 1980, Science and Technology Commission of Corrosion on chemical, petroleum,