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目的了解麻疹、风疹的流行病学特征,为控制和消除麻疹、风疹提供依据。方法采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)对哈尔滨市南岗区2010-2014年麻疹、风疹疑似病例血清标本进行Ig M抗体检测。结果共检测血液标本671份,其中麻疹Ig M抗体阳性170份,总阳性率为25.34%,风疹Ig M抗体阳性185份,总阳性率为27.57%;各年度麻疹和风疹的阳性率差异均有统计学意义(χ2分别为116.47和113.97,P<0.05),病例性别分布无统计学意义(χ2=3.405,P>0.05);不同年龄组的麻疹风疹Ig M抗体阳性率有统计学意义(χ2=14.347,P<0.05)。麻疹、风疹病例发病时间都具有明显的季节性,以春夏季高发。结论在疑似麻疹、风疹病例中同时开展麻疹Ig M抗体及风疹Ig M抗体的检测很有必要,为疑似病例的诊断和鉴别诊断提供了实验室依据。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles and rubella, and to provide basis for controlling and eliminating measles and rubella. Methods Serum samples of measles and rubella suspected cases from 2010 to 2014 in Nangang District of Harbin were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results A total of 671 blood samples were detected, of which 170 were positive for measles IgM antibody, the total positive rate was 25.34%. The positive rate of rubella Ig M antibody was 185 and the total positive rate was 27.57%. The positive rates of measles and rubella in each year were (Χ2 = 116.47 and 113.97, respectively, P <0.05). The gender distribution of the cases was not statistically significant (χ2 = 3.405, P> 0.05). The positive rates of measles rubella Ig M in different age groups were statistically significant (χ2 = = 14.347, P <0.05). Measles, rubella cases have obvious seasonal onset time, high in spring and summer. Conclusion It is necessary to detect measles IgM antibody and rubella Ig M antibody simultaneously in suspected measles and rubella cases and provide laboratory evidence for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of suspected cases.