一、十三世纪前傣族社会的发展傣族社会历史有确切史料可据者,只能上溯至唐代。当时,在开南(今云南景东及其以南地区)、永昌(今云南保山及其西南地带)及红河流域,分布着一些被称为“黑齿”、“金齿”、“银齿”、“绣脚”、“雕题”、“茫蛮”、“生僚”等的部落。这些主要就是傣族的先民。据《蛮书》及其他有关的记载,当时他们都从事农业生产,已知役使畜力,能纺织及制作金属装饰品,并有纹身饰齿等共同的民族习俗。不过这时阶级分化尚不明显,还没有形成较大的部落政权。十一世纪前后,这些部落已经冲破了血缘 I. Development of Dai Nationality Before the Thirteenth Century Dai people’s social history has definite historical data and can only be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. At that time, there were some sites in southern Kaiyuan (now the southern part of Yunnan and the south of the area), Yongchang (now Baoshan and its southwestern Yunnan Province) and the Red River basin. Some of these areas are known as “black tooth”, “golden tooth” “,” Embroidery “,” carving “,” uncaring “,” bio “and other tribes. These are mainly ancestors of the Dai people. According to ”Man Book" and other related records, at that time they were all engaged in agricultural production. They were already engaged in the common customs of animal husbandry, textiles and metal decorations, and tattoos. However, the class differentiation was not obvious at this time and no larger tribal regime has yet to be formed. Before and after the 11th century, these tribes had broken bloodline