围手术期神经认知功能障碍（perioperative neurocognitive disorders, PND）包括术后认知功能障碍（postoperative cognitive dysfunction, POCD）和术后谵妄（postoperative delirium, POD），目前的评估方法主要依靠量表，尚无金标准。文章通过对传统的纸笔评估量表和近年来基于计算机的评估技术进行综述，为临床科研实践中量表的选择提供参考。传统的纸笔评估量表目前依然广泛应用，同时基于计算机技术的评估方法逐渐得到推广应用，针对不同患者群体选择几种量表组合评估，以达到较高的特异性和灵敏性是重要的方法。“,”Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) include postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and postoperative delirium (POD), which are currently assessed mostly based on scales, without golden standards. This review summarizes traditional paper-pencil assessment scales and recent computer-based assessment scales, in order to provide evidence for choosing appropriate scales in clinical and scientific research practice. At present, traditional paper-pencil assessment scales are still widely used, while computer-based assessment methods have been more widely accepted. It is of importance to choose several scales for different patient population, so as to achieve high specificity and sensitivity.