二十年前,脊髓灰质炎在世界各地流行十分猖獗,对小儿,甚至成人的健康威胁很大,每年死于此病或发生肌肉瘫痪而残废的数以万计。经过几十年的研究,对此病的病原学、发病机理、免疫学和流行病学有了深刻的了解,尤其是对脊髓灰质炎病毒的深入研究及组织培养技术的发明。于1954年,美国索尔克首先发明注射用死毒疫苗。1956年,美国塞宾等人又发明口服的活毒疫苗。这在预防医学上是继牛痘苗、卡介苗等之后的一个重要成就。许多 Twenty years ago, polio was rampant around the world and threatened the health of children and even adults altogether. Tens of thousands of people died from the disease or were crippled by muscle disability each year. After decades of research, the etiology, pathogenesis, immunology and epidemiology of the disease have a deep understanding, especially for the in-depth study of poliovirus and tissue culture technology invention. In 1954, the United States Salk first invented the injection of deadly vaccine. In 1956, the United States Ceibin and others invented oral live vaccine. This is an important achievement in preventive medicine following vaccinia and BCG. a lot of