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公共性的原始发生有两个基本的路径:系统论的奠基,生成论的奠基。前者讨论的是公共性何以可能的问题,亦即根据问题;后者讨论的是公共性如何可能的问题,亦即环境与条件问题。在系统论奠基的视野内,公共性的需要奠基于人的片面性和非自足性之上;在生成论奠基的框架内,公共性表现为通过交换、交往,简言之通过合作所产生的“合作剩余”。“合作剩余”是公共性的重要标志,同时也是人的丰富性、全面性和多样性的重要标志。人类发展史就是一部不断创造公共性和实现公共性的过程,实质上,公共性的生成论奠基乃是系统论奠基的历史展开形式,这种历史展开主要有机械和有机两种方式。在世界历史交往不断普遍化和深化的背景下,公共性问题理应成为伦理学和政治哲学研究的重要课题。
The original occurrence of publicity has two basic paths: the foundation of system theory and the foundation of generative theory. The former discusses the question of what is possible of publicity, that is, the problem; the latter discusses the issue of how publicity is possible, that is, the issue of environment and conditions. In the foundation of system theory, the public needs are based on the one-sidedness and non-self-sufficiency of human beings. Within the framework of the foundation of generativeism, publicity is manifested in the “ Cooperation surplus. ” “Surplus of cooperation” is an important symbol of publicity and an important symbol of human’s richness, comprehensiveness and diversity. The history of human development is a process of continuous creation of public character and realization of public character. In essence, the foundation of the genesis of public character is the historical unfolding of the foundation of system theory. This historical expansion mainly consists of two modes, mechanical and organic. Against the backdrop of the ubiquity and deepening of world history exchanges, the issue of publicity should become an important issue in the study of ethics and political philosophy.