馬克思在总結巴黎公社經驗的时候,提出了一个著名的命題:工人阶级不能简单地掌握现成的国家机器,并运用它来达到自己的目的。马克思所提出的这个著名的命题,像一根红线一样,贯穿在列宁的《国家与革命》这部伟大的著作中。列宁同第二国际的修正主义者、机会主义者的决裂,主要地就是他在无产阶级革命的这个最根本的問题上恢复了馬克思主义原来的革命面貌,并且根据国际无产阶级斗争的新经验,进一步地丰富了和推进了馬克思主义。第二国际的那些可耻的領袖們之所以成为叛徒,主要地就是因为他們在这个問题上丢掉了和歪曲了马克思的学说。所以,正如列宁所说的:“如果不在‘国家’问题上反对机会主 In summing up the experience of the Paris Commune, Marx put forward a famous proposition that the working class can not simply grasp the ready-made state apparatus and use it for its own purposes. This famous proposition put forward by Marx, like a red thread, runs through Lenin’s “state and revolution” great book. The rupture between Lenin and the revisionists and opportunists of the Second International was mainly the restoration of the original revolutionary outlook of Marxism on the most fundamental issue of the proletarian revolution. In accordance with the new experience of the international proletarian struggle, Further enriched and promoted Marxism. The reason why the shameful leaders of the Second International have become traitors is mainly because they have lost and distorted Marxism on this issue. So, as Lenin put it: "If you do not oppose the Lord of Opportunities on the issue of ’statehood.’