人口与经济既是重要的理论问题,又是重要的实践问题。马克思主义认为:人类社会存在两种生产,即物质资料的生产和人类自身的生产。两种生产都是人类社会存在与发展的前提,它们互为条件、相互依存、又相互制约。当社会经济的发展还没有达到一定的水平时,人口增长过快,就会影响和阻碍社会经济的发展。但没有一定的人口也就不可能有任何社会经济活动。20多年来,我们虽然取得了控制人口增长的巨大成就,但人口与经济关系不相适应的矛盾仍较突出,过快的人口增长速度已经对社会经济的发展产生了深刻地影响。下面我们以山西的数字为例,从六个方面论述人口对社会经济发展的影响。 影响之一:全省经济总量增长较快,工农业主要产品产量增加较多。但由于人口多,人均占有量低,人民生活水平提高慢,且食物结构单一。40多年来,随着经济建设的发展,山西各种经 Population and economy are both important theoretical issues and important practical problems. Marxism holds that there are two kinds of production in human society, namely, the production of material materials and the production of human beings themselves. Both kinds of production are the preconditions for the existence and development of human society. They are conditions, interdependence and mutual restraint. When the social and economic development has not reached a certain level, the rapid growth of the population will affect and hinder social and economic development. But without a certain population it is impossible to have any socio-economic activities. Over the past 20 years, although we have achieved tremendous achievements in controlling population growth, the contradiction between the incompatible population and economic relations is still outstanding. The rapid population growth has already had a profound impact on the social and economic development. Here we take the figures of Shanxi as an example to discuss the impact of population on social and economic development from six aspects. One of the effects: the total economic growth in the province has been growing rapidly, and the output of major industrial and agricultural products has increased more. However, due to the large population, the per capita possession is low, the living standard of the people is slowly increased, and the food structure is simple. Over the past 40 years, with the development of economic construction, various kinds of Shanxi