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云冷杉林是藏东南地区亚高山暗针叶林的主要类型之一。采用样地-样方法对藏东南工布自然保护区的云冷杉林进行群落调查,利用点格局分析法探讨了林芝云杉和急尖长苞冷杉种群空间分布格局及其空间关联性。结果表明,不同海拔不同尺度下,2个种群分布格局存在较大差异,急尖长苞冷杉种群空间分布格局随海拔升高总体表现为:聚集分布(P1)→随机分布(P2)→聚集分布(P3)→随机分布(P4),并且聚集分布均是在小尺度范围下。而林芝云杉种群随海拔升高空间分布格局则呈现:随机分布(P1)→随机分布(P2)→聚集分布(P3)→聚集分布(P4),并且表现出低海拔小尺度下呈聚集分布,而高海拔需在大尺度下才呈现聚集分布;随海拔升高,2种群间关系总体表现为:相关性不显著(P1)→小尺度下显著负相关(P2)→大尺度下显著正相关(P3)→大尺度下显著负相关(P4)。研究结果可为云冷杉林资源的有效利用和保护提供理论基础,同时为构建西藏高原国家生态安全屏障提供背景资料。
Spruce-fir forest is one of the main types of sub-alpine dark-coniferous forest in southeastern Tibet. The spatial-temporal distribution pattern and spatial correlation of Abies smithii and Abies kaempferi populations were studied by using plots-sample method in the Qiongbu Nature Reserve in southeastern Tibet. The results showed that the distribution pattern of two populations varied greatly at different altitudes and different scales. The spatial distribution pattern of Abies georgei showed that the spatial distribution pattern of Abies georgei with increasing altitude generally showed as follows: distribution (P1) → random distribution (P2) → aggregate distribution (P3) → random distribution (P4), and the aggregation distribution is in the small scale range. However, the spatial distribution pattern of Picea crassifolia population increased with altitude: random distribution (P1) → random distribution (P2) → aggregate distribution (P3) → aggregate distribution (P4) , But the distribution of high altitude should be larger under large scale. With the elevation increasing, the relationship between two populations showed as follows: the correlation was not significant (P1) → significant negative correlation (P2) at small scale → significantly positive at large scale Correlation (P3) → significant negative correlation (P4) at large scale. The results provide a theoretical basis for the effective utilization and conservation of spruce-fir resources, and provide background information for the establishment of a national ecological safety barrier in the Tibetan Plateau.