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目的:考察父母使用比较式教养的情况及其与青少年的自尊和抑郁的关系。方法:对297名青少年施测自编的比较式教养调查问卷和自尊量表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)抑郁分量表。结果:142%的学生报告父母总是或经常采用比较式教养,只有7%的学生报告他们的父母从来不使用这种方式;2父母多用于比较的对象主要集中于学校同学(73.1%),亲戚家孩子(46.8%),社会上年龄相仿的同龄人(28.3%)和兄弟姐妹(27.6%);3父母主要是比较孩子的学习成绩(58.2%)、生活习惯(26.6%)、独立能力(24.9%)和生活中的琐事(21.5%);4父母较多进行上行比较而比较少进行下行比较;5母亲是比较教养方式的最主要使用者(49.5%),而父亲则较少使用这种方式(13.5%);6青少年对父母进行比较式教养的态度普遍持消极的评价;7比较教养的频率与自尊呈显著负相关(r=-0.18,P<0.01),而与抑郁呈显著正相关(r=0.15,P<0.01);下行比较的频率则与自尊有显著的正相关(r=0.20,P<0.01),而与抑郁呈显著负相关(r=-0.14,P<0.05);上行比较的频率则与自尊呈显著的负相关(r=-0.15,P<0.01),而与抑郁呈显著正相关(r=0.15,P<0.01);青少年对比较式教养的评价与他们的自尊成显著的正相关(r=0.21,P<0.01),而与抑郁呈显著的负相关(r=-0.20,P<0.01)。结论:比较式教养是中国父母经常使用的一种中国特色的教养方式,并且与青少年的心理健康存在负向的关系。
Objectives: To examine the relationship between parental use of comparative parenting and self-esteem and depression among adolescents. Methods: A total of 297 adolescents were enrolled in self-esteem scale and self-esteem scale (SCL-90) depression questionnaire. Results: 142% of students reported that their parents always or frequently adopted comparative education, and only 7% reported that their parents never used this method. 2 The parents who spent more time in comparison mainly focused on schoolmates (73.1%), Relatives and children (46.8%), peers (28.3%) and siblings (27.6%) of the same age in society. 3 Parents mainly compared their children’s academic performance (58.2%), lifestyle (26.6%), (24.9%) and chores (21.5%) in their daily lives; (4) parents did more of the upside comparisons and did less comparisons of downwards comparisons; (5) mothers were the most dominant users of comparisons (49.5%), while fathers used less (13.5%); 6 the attitude of adolescents to parental corrections was generally negative; 7 the frequency of re-education was significantly negatively correlated with self-esteem (r = -0.18, P <0.01) (R = 0.15, P <0.01). The frequency of down comparison was positively correlated with self-esteem (r = 0.20, P <0.01), but negatively correlated with depression (r = (R = -0.15, P <0.01), but negatively correlated with depression (r = 0.15, P <0.01). The frequency of upside comparison was significantly negatively correlated with self-esteem (r = -0.15, Rearing comparative evaluation with their self-esteem to significant positive correlation (r = 0.21, P <0.01), and significant negative correlation with depression (r = -0.20, P <0.01). Conclusions: Comparative education is a kind of parenting style often used by Chinese parents and has a negative relationship with the mental health of adolescents.