明清鼎革,中原再度沦于异族统治。在不足五百年的时间内,中原汉民族两度遭遇低文明发展水平的边疆少数民族征服的事实,凸现了中原文明(文化)的固有缺陷。清代大量移居关内的满族民众在全面接纳中原文明的同时,其“尚武”的民族特质全面消退,而在经济、文化领域,又因相对汉族的劣势地位,只能依赖政治特权维持 Ming and Qing Dynasties leather, the Central Plains once again reduced to alien rule. In less than 500 years, the fact that the Han ethnic groups in the Central Plains conquered the ethnic minorities in the border areas that twice faced the development of a low civilization shows the inherent flaws of the civilization (culture) in the Central Plains. In the meantime, the Manchu people who moved to Guanzhong during the Qing Dynasty extensively accepted the Civilization of the Central Plains while their ethnic characteristics of “Shang Wu” completely faded away. However, in the economic and cultural fields, the Manchu people, dependent only on their political privileges,